Zebra v4.4.0 still accepts V5 SIGHASH_SINGLE without a corresponding output
# Consensus Divergence in V5 Transparent SIGHASH_SINGLE With No Corresponding Output ## Summary Zebra failed to enforce a ZIP-244 consensus rule for V5 transparent transactions: when an input is signed with `SIGHASH_SINGLE` and there is no transparent output at the same index as that input, validation must fail. Zebra instead asked the underlying sighash library to compute a digest, and that library produced a digest over an empty output set rather than failing. An attacker could craft a V5 transaction with more transparent inputs than outputs that Zebra accepts but `zcashd` rejects, creating a consensus split between Zebra and `zcashd` nodes. A previous fix ([`GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp`](https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp)) addressed a closely related case in the same area of the code, but did not cover this specific one. ## Severity **Critical** - This is a Consensus Vulnerability that could allow a malicious party to induce network partitioning, service disruption, and potential double-spend attacks against affected nodes. Note that the impact is currently alleviated by the fact that currently most miners run `zcashd`. ## Affected Versions Zebra 4.4.0. ## Description Verification of transparent transactions inherits the Bitcoin Script verification code in C++. Since it is consensus-critical, this code is called from Zebra through a foreign function interface (FFI), with a Rust callback that computes the sighash for each input being v
GHSA-pvmv-cwg8-v6c8
Primary source · Revision 1
Imported from structured advisory data. Source references identify upstream records or fields; verify affected versions and your deployed configuration.
Security context
Source reference: osv:GHSA-pvmv-cwg8-v6c8
zebrad
Source reference: /affected/0/package/name
- Affected versions
- Not stated in this record
- Fixed versions
- 4.4.1
Source reference:
/affected/0/ranges - Prerequisites
- Not stated in this record
zebra-script
Source reference: /affected/1/package/name
- Affected versions
- Not stated in this record
- Fixed versions
- 6.0.1
Source reference:
/affected/1/ranges - Prerequisites
- Not stated in this record
Structured affected-version data
Original package identities and version rules from this source.
[
{
"ranges": [
{
"type": "SEMVER",
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.1"
}
]
}
],
"package": {
"name": "zebrad",
"purl": "pkg:cargo/zebrad",
"ecosystem": "crates.io"
},
"database_specific": {
"source": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2026/05/GHSA-pvmv-cwg8-v6c8/GHSA-pvmv-cwg8-v6c8.json"
}
},
{
"ranges": [
{
"type": "SEMVER",
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.1"
}
]
}
],
"package": {
"name": "zebra-script",
"purl": "pkg:cargo/zebra-script",
"ecosystem": "crates.io"
},
"database_specific": {
"source": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2026/05/GHSA-pvmv-cwg8-v6c8/GHSA-pvmv-cwg8-v6c8.json"
}
}
]- Related CVEs
- CVE-2026-104435
Source reference:
/aliases
Publisher severity
critical
Source reference: /database_specific/severity
- Event
- #72831 · Revision 1
- Added to Heist Feed
- Publisher date