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Medium

Inefficient RexExp complexity in generated code with .replace when transpiling named capturing groups

Type: advisorySources: OSV

Babel is a compiler for writing next generation JavaScript. When using versions of Babel prior to 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17 to compile regular expression named capturing groups, Babel will generate a polyfill for the `.replace` method that has quadratic complexity on some specific replacement pattern strings (i.e. the second argument passed to `.replace`). Generated code is vulnerable if all the following conditions are true: Using Babel to compile regular expression named capturing groups, using the `.replace` method on a regular expression that contains named capturing groups, and the code using untrusted strings as the second argument of `.replace`. This problem has been fixed in `@babel/helpers` and `@babel/runtime` 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17. It's likely that individual users do not directly depend on `@babel/helpers`, and instead depend on `@babel/core` (which itself depends on `@babel/helpers`). Upgrading to `@babel/core` 7.26.10 is not required, but it guarantees use of a new enough `@babel/helpers` version. Note that just updating Babel dependencies is not enough; one will also need to re-compile the code. No known workarounds are available.

Products
Not specified
Affected versions
Not specified
Fixed versions
Not specified
CVEs
CVE-2025-27789
Confirmed fixed CVEs
Not specified
Updated in this feed
3 Nov 2026, 04:13 UTC · Revision 1

Source evidence

Inefficient RexExp complexity in generated code with .replace when transpiling named capturing groups

core-osv · Original source

Published 11 Mar 2025, 19:09 UTC

Babel is a compiler for writing next generation JavaScript. When using versions of Babel prior to 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17 to compile regular expression named capturing groups, Babel will generate a polyfill for the `.replace` method that has quadratic complexity on some specific replacement pattern strings (i.e. the second argument passed to `.replace`). Generated code is vulnerable if all the following conditions are true: Using Babel to compile regular expression named capturing groups, using the `.replace` method on a regular expression that contains named capturing groups, and the code using untrusted strings as the second argument of `.replace`. This problem has been fixed in `@babel/helpers` and `@babel/runtime` 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17. It's likely that individual users do not directly depend on `@babel/helpers`, and instead depend on `@babel/core` (which itself depends on `@babel/helpers`). Upgrading to `@babel/core` 7.26.10 is not required, but it guarantees use of a new enough `@babel/helpers` version. Note that just updating Babel dependencies is not enough; one will also need to re-compile the code. No known workarounds are available.

osv:CVE-2025-27789
Complete source record
{
  "id": "8b6f2d592ac8ef041ce82d13086afdb01345e5a95be98f14496e4cabfebbb5ff",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-27789",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Inefficient RexExp complexity in generated code with .replace when transpiling named capturing groups",
    "summary": "Babel is a compiler for writing next generation JavaScript. When using versions of Babel prior to 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17 to compile regular expression named capturing groups, Babel will generate a polyfill for the `.replace` method that has quadratic complexity on some specific replacement pattern strings (i.e. the second argument passed to `.replace`). Generated code is vulnerable if all the following conditions are true: Using Babel to compile regular expression named capturing groups, using the `.replace` method on a regular expression that contains named capturing groups, and the code using untrusted strings as the second argument of `.replace`. This problem has been fixed in `@babel/helpers` and `@babel/runtime` 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17. It's likely that individual users do not directly depend on `@babel/helpers`, and instead depend on `@babel/core` (which itself depends on `@babel/helpers`). Upgrading to `@babel/core` 7.26.10 is not required, but it guarantees use of a new enough `@babel/helpers` version. Note that just updating Babel dependencies is not enough; one will also need to re-compile the code. No known workarounds are available.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-27789",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "medium",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-27789",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2025-27789",
        "GHSA-968p-4wvh-cqc8"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/babel/babel",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
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                {
                  "fixed": "e1ce99df422971175249509e7bbc2b327b8f7957"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "bdbaca37bf5ec7fb879e729b39d48673f45842f3"
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                {
                  "fixed": "786b4357423fb650084503352648af44c8ffc409"
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              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
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                        "introduced": "0"
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                      {
                        "fixed": "7.26.10"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
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      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:25.954437332Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/27xxx/CVE-2025-27789.json",
        "https://github.com/babel/babel/security/advisories/GHSA-968p-4wvh-cqc8",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27789",
        "https://github.com/babel/babel/pull/17173"
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        "value": "CVE-2025-27789",
        "evidence": "/id"
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    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
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  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 492393,
  "published_at": "2025-03-11T19:09:28.146+00:00"
}