Apache Cassandra: User with MODIFY permission on ALL KEYSPACES can escalate privileges to superuser via unsafe actions

{
  "id": "cba589c1f5f25dd3b5fc9edebf615a0024454220c5435bce84df0ef0e83a55d2",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-23015",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Apache Cassandra: User with MODIFY permission on ALL KEYSPACES can escalate privileges to superuser via unsafe actions",
    "summary": "Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions vulnerability in Apache Cassandra. An user with MODIFY permission ON ALL KEYSPACES can escalate privileges to superuser within a targeted Cassandra cluster via unsafe actions to a system resource. Operators granting data MODIFY permission on all keyspaces on affected versions should review data access rules for potential breaches. This issue affects Apache Cassandra through 3.0.30, 3.11.17, 4.0.15, 4.1.7, 5.0.2. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 3.0.31, 3.11.18, 4.0.16, 4.1.8, 5.0.3, which fixes the issue.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-23015",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-23015",
      "aliases": [
        "BIT-cassandra-2025-23015",
        "CVE-2025-23015",
        "GHSA-wmcc-9vch-jmx4"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/apache/cassandra",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "96f407bce56b98cd824d18e32ee012dbb99a0286"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "09e7a4d6ae23b7ac5c9867235c9d900d0c99649a"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "e092873728dc88aebc6ee10153b9bd3cd90cd858"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "429f3ad83e1c9eff5c288a7c8fb4781939d00090"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "902b4d31772eaa84f05ffdc1e4f4b7a66d5b17e6"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "c989c02be66411991c8536ca00ee6481f43e642e"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "f9e033f519c14596da4dc954875756a69aea4e78"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "044727aabafeab2f6fef74c52d349d55c8732ef5"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "186272edca920c757b91bf95c2392bafa1a38d72"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "b0226c8ea122c3e5ea8680efb0744d33924fd732"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "3.0.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "3.0.31"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "3.1"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "3.11.18"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "4.0.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "4.0.16"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "4.1.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "4.1.8"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "5.0.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "5.0.3"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "cassandra-4.1.7",
            "cassandra-4.1.6",
            "cassandra-4.1.5",
            "cassandra-3.0.30",
            "cassandra-4.1.4",
            "cassandra-4.1.3",
            "cassandra-3.0.29",
            "cassandra-4.1.1",
            "cassandra-4.1.0",
            "cassandra-3.0.28",
            "cassandra-3.0.26",
            "cassandra-3.0.25",
            "cassandra-3.0.24",
            "cassandra-3.0.23",
            "cassandra-3.0.22",
            "cassandra-3.0.21",
            "cassandra-3.0.20",
            "cassandra-3.0.19",
            "cassandra-3.0.18",
            "cassandra-3.0.17",
            "cassandra-3.0.16",
            "cassandra-3.0.15",
            "cassandra-3.0.14",
            "cassandra-3.0.13",
            "cassandra-3.0.12",
            "cassandra-3.0.11",
            "cassandra-3.0.10",
            "cassandra-3.0.9",
            "cassandra-3.0.7",
            "cassandra-3.0.6",
            "cassandra-3.0.5",
            "cassandra-3.0.4",
            "cassandra-3.0.3",
            "cassandra-3.0.1",
            "cassandra-3.0.0"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-23015.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:49.869183211Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/23xxx/CVE-2025-23015.json",
        "https://lists.apache.org/thread/jmks4msbgkl65ssg69x728sv1m0hwz3s",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23015",
        "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250214-0006/"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-267"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "apache",
        "unresolved_ranges": [
          {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "range": [
                  {
                    "introduced": "3.0.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "3.0.30"
                  },
                  {
                    "introduced": "3.1.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "3.11.17"
                  },
                  {
                    "introduced": "4.0.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "4.0.15"
                  },
                  {
                    "introduced": "4.1.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "4.1.7"
                  },
                  {
                    "introduced": "5.0.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "5.0.2"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                "strategy": "StandardRange"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/23xxx/CVE-2025-23015.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2025-23015",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 518526,
  "published_at": "2025-02-04T09:37:18.58+00:00"
}