libjxl: Uninitialized memory read in decoder due to incorrect optimization in patch handling

{
  "id": "8109dd60ddad2506a01a07cf1158470d0af6b5c3acc8a08f59375fbeaa17c114",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-12474",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "libjxl: Uninitialized memory read in decoder due to incorrect optimization in patch handling",
    "summary": "A specially-crafted file can cause libjxl's decoder to read pixel data from uninitialized (but allocated) memory. This can be done by causing the decoder to reference an outside-image-bound area in a subsequent patches. An incorrect optimization causes the decoder to omit populating those areas.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-12474",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "low",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-12474",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2025-12474"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V4",
          "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "980c90f65f41066cc4959b4eb80eba906867103b"
                },
                {
                  "last_affected": "794a5dcf0d54f9f0b20d288a12e87afb91d20dfc"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0.7"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "0.11.1"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StandardRange"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:libjxl_project:libjxl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0.7.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "0.11.1"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "v0.11.1",
            "v0.11.0",
            "v0.10-snapshot",
            "v0.9-snapshot",
            "v0.7rc",
            "v0.7-base",
            "v0.8-snapshot"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-12474.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:23.198568433Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/12xxx/CVE-2025-12474.json",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12474",
        "https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/pull/4495"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-908"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "Google",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/12xxx/CVE-2025-12474.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2025-12474",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 489544,
  "published_at": "2026-02-11T15:27:24.118+00:00"
}