Press vulnerable to email flooding to users due to lack of validation and rate limits

{
  "id": "335bb7654db23a77663c7475bc9754e4dd16b61fc159d64042d901dca6002c1b",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59421",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Press vulnerable to email flooding to users due to lack of validation and rate limits",
    "summary": "Press, a Frappe custom app that runs Frappe Cloud, manages infrastructure, subscription, marketplace, and software-as-a-service (SaaS). A bad actor can flood the inbox of a user by repeatedly sending invites (duplicate). The issue is fixed in commit 83c3fc7676c5dbbe1fd5092d21d95a10c7b48615.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-59421",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "low",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-59421",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2025-59421",
        "GHSA-68qm-vp8f-rpr3"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V4",
          "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/frappe/press",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "83c3fc7676c5dbbe1fd5092d21d95a10c7b48615"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "83c3fc7676c5dbbe1fd5092d21d95a10c7b48615"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "83c3fc7676c5dbbe1fd5092d21d95a10c7b48615"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_COMMIT"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-59421.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:28.198479900Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59421.json",
        "https://github.com/frappe/press/security/advisories/GHSA-68qm-vp8f-rpr3",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59421",
        "https://github.com/frappe/press/commit/83c3fc7676c5dbbe1fd5092d21d95a10c7b48615"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-770"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59421.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2025-59421",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 494744,
  "published_at": "2025-09-18T14:42:40.662+00:00"
}