Weak PBKDF2 parameters for password-encrypted private-key export in jose

{
  "id": "cf1dd94fba1fea6c70d35a637a78f6c120bd7e328bf44e5106f8b280e8029965",
  "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-65629",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Weak PBKDF2 parameters for password-encrypted private-key export in jose",
    "summary": "Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort in the jose library allows an attacker who obtains a password-encrypted private-key export to recover the private key through an offline password-cracking attack. When jose exports a password-encrypted private key with jose_jwk:to_der/2 (JOSE.JWK.to_der/2), the jose_jwk_der:to_binary/3 function in src/jwk/jose_jwk_der.erl serializes the key as a PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo using the PBES2 scheme with hardcoded key-derivation parameters: PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 with an iteration count of 2048 and an 8-byte (64-bit) random salt. Neither value can be overridden by the caller. Both values are far below current guidance (OWASP recommends on the order of 600,000 iterations for PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256, and NIST recommends salts of at least 128 bits), so the key-stretching work factor is roughly 300 times lower than intended and the short salt reduces the cost of precomputation across keys. The symmetric encryption (AES-256-CBC with a 16-byte random IV) is not affected; the weakness is entirely in the derivation strength. An attacker who obtains one of these exported blobs (for example from a backup, configuration repository, object storage, or logs) can mount a cheap offline dictionary or brute-force attack against the export password, and success yields the full private key. This issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13.",
    "evidence": "cve:CVE-2026-65629",
    "products": [
      {
        "name": {
          "value": "jose",
          "evidence": "/containers/cna/affected/0/product"
        },
        "prerequisites": [],
        "fixed_versions": [],
        "affected_versions": []
      },
      {
        "name": {
          "value": "jose",
          "evidence": "/containers/cna/affected/1/product"
        },
        "prerequisites": [],
        "fixed_versions": [],
        "affected_versions": []
      }
    ],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-65629",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-65629"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "format": "CVSS",
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "version": "4.0",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "baseScore": 7.4,
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "vendor": "potatosalad",
          "modules": [
            "jose_jwk_der",
            "jose_jwk",
            "'Elixir.JOSE.JWK'"
          ],
          "product": "jose",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.10.0",
              "lessThan": "1.11.13",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ],
          "packageURL": "pkg:hex/jose",
          "packageName": "jose",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/jwk/jose_jwk_der.erl",
            "src/jwk/jose_jwk.erl",
            "lib/jose/jwk.ex"
          ],
          "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "jose_jwk_der:to_binary/3"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwk:to_der/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWK':to_der/2"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "vendor": "potatosalad",
          "modules": [
            "jose_jwk_der",
            "jose_jwk",
            "'Elixir.JOSE.JWK'"
          ],
          "product": "jose",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "85fddd89ee56b6f9c19eff7d9cfffeef62c330b9",
              "lessThan": "461b261902531ca016190e780bb70862d561a7e0",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ],
          "packageURL": "pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "packageName": "potatosalad/erlang-jose",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/jwk/jose_jwk_der.erl",
            "src/jwk/jose_jwk.erl",
            "lib/jose/jwk.ex"
          ],
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "jose_jwk_der:to_binary/3"
            },
            {
              "name": "jose_jwk:to_der/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWK':to_der/2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-26T19:53:35.646Z",
      "provider": "cve",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-h4gx-8jq2-mfhc",
        "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65629.html",
        "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65629",
        "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/85fddd89ee56b6f9c19eff7d9cfffeef62c330b9",
        "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/461b261902531ca016190e780bb70862d561a7e0"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cna": {
          "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
          "shortName": "EEF",
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T19:53:35.646Z"
        }
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-65629",
        "evidence": "/cveMetadata/cveId"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/containers/cna/metrics"
  },
  "source_id": "core-cve",
  "document_id": 338321,
  "published_at": "2026-10-26T19:53:35.646+00:00"
}