CakePHP: Potential Authentication bypass with CookieAuthenticator

{
  "id": "442f2a4ff4824251f82a3e21746debf8cc83e1026fd49092a901972cd2c9375a",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-77337",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "CakePHP: Potential Authentication bypass with CookieAuthenticator",
    "summary": "CakePHP Authentication is an authentication plugin for CakePHP that can also be used in PSR-7 based applications. Versions before 2.11.2, from 3.0.0 through 3.3.6, and from 4.0.0 through 4.2.0 allow authentication bypass and potential CPU or memory exhaustion when CookieAuthenticator uses unencrypted, forgeable legacy tokens. This issue is fixed in versions 2.11.2, 3.3.7, and 4.2.1.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2026-77337",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "critical",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-77337",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-77337",
        "GHSA-h7xh-9h2x-2m37"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V4",
          "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/cakephp/authentication",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "35bcf35ef3a375bc80d1a9f46d7d94b556abf304"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "45fd308014bf442bc2ab017d027b6865713f9f10"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "a96a198816549d603a990730a861b756b887be95"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "8faadabacd15c3e9dc3f5e95c7b32a2bfc153a8a"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "ad018852ebc0c2594894c5d820d4296e5357097c"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "c94d9a5380e7f4fdf38d338a9de2223a5b087159"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "2.11.2"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "3.0.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "3.3.7"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "4.0.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "4.2.1"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "c94d9a5380e7f4fdf38d338a9de2223a5b087159"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_COMMIT"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "2.11.1",
            "3.3.6",
            "4.2.0",
            "4.1.1",
            "3.3.5",
            "4.1.0",
            "4.0.1",
            "4.0.0",
            "3.3.4",
            "2.11.0",
            "3.3.3",
            "3.3.2",
            "3.3.1",
            "3.3.0",
            "3.2.2",
            "3.2.0",
            "3.2.1",
            "3.1.1",
            "3.1.0",
            "3.0.3",
            "3.0.2",
            "3.0.1",
            "3.0.0",
            "2.10.0",
            "1.1.1",
            "2.9.0",
            "2.8.0",
            "2.7.0",
            "2.6.2",
            "2.6.1",
            "2.6.0",
            "2.5.0",
            "2.4.0",
            "2.3.1",
            "2.3.0",
            "2.2.0",
            "2.1.0",
            "2.0.5",
            "2.0.4",
            "2.0.3",
            "2.0.2",
            "2.0.1",
            "2.0.0",
            "1.4.0",
            "1.3.0",
            "1.2.1",
            "1.2.0",
            "1.1.4",
            "1.1.3",
            "1.1.2",
            "1.1.0",
            "1.0.1",
            "1.0.0-rc9",
            "1.0.0",
            "1.0.0-rc8",
            "1.0.0-rc7",
            "1.0.0-rc6",
            "1.0.0-rc5",
            "1.0.0-rc4",
            "1.0.0-rc3",
            "1.0.0-rc2",
            "1.0.0-rc1",
            "1.0.0-beta4",
            "1.0.0-beta3",
            "1.0.0-beta2",
            "1.0.0-beta1",
            "1.0.0-alpha1"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-77337.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:39.169939167Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/77xxx/CVE-2026-77337.json",
        "https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/security/advisories/GHSA-h7xh-9h2x-2m37",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77337",
        "https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/commit/c94d9a5380e7f4fdf38d338a9de2223a5b087159",
        "https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/806",
        "https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/807"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-290",
          "CWE-770"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/77xxx/CVE-2026-77337.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-77337",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 506687,
  "published_at": "2026-08-24T21:30:06.817+00:00"
}