Pterodactyl's shared global rate-limit key on login and 2FA checkpoint enables unauthenticated panel-wide authentication lockout (DoS)

{
  "id": "22f98ae357257e6b4f626e0fdf8d7c8082d61e2fc51cd75fa1ba6ac95e620b6c",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-61609",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Pterodactyl's shared global rate-limit key on login and 2FA checkpoint enables unauthenticated panel-wide authentication lockout (DoS)",
    "summary": "Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. From 1.7.0 until 1.13.0, the authentication rate limiter defined in RouteServiceProvider::configureRateLimiting() applied a single global bucket to the login and two-factor checkpoint endpoints instead of keying by IP or account: the fall-through Limit::perMinute(10) covering POST /auth/login and POST /auth/login/checkpoint omitted ->by(), so Laravel derived a constant cache key (md5('authentication')) shared by every request. An unauthenticated attacker sending roughly ten requests per minute from a single IP, most cheaply against the checkpoint endpoint (which has no reCAPTCHA), exhausts the shared counter and causes HTTP 429 for every user attempting to log in or complete two-factor authentication, a panel-wide authentication denial of service that also locks out administrators. This issue is fixed in version 1.13.0.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2026-61609",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-61609",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-61609",
        "GHSA-xvc3-826v-xf47"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "dfa329ddf242908b60e22e3340ea36359eab1ef4"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "4de50090141f549967fa715ef42aaaee2b4fc983"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "98079a01660a61980fe62a72b2c1d48f99c35a5e"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "1.7.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "1.13.0"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "98079a01660a61980fe62a72b2c1d48f99c35a5e"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_COMMIT"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "4de50090141f549967fa715ef42aaaee2b4fc983"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_TAG",
                    "original_tag": "v1.13.0"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "v1.12.4",
            "v1.12.3",
            "v1.12.2",
            "v1.12.1",
            "v1.12.0",
            "v1.11.7",
            "v1.11.6",
            "v1.11.5",
            "v1.11.4",
            "v1.11.3",
            "v1.11.2",
            "v1.11.1",
            "v1.11.0",
            "v1.11.0-rc.2",
            "v1.11.0-rc.1",
            "v1.10.4",
            "v1.10.3",
            "v1.10.2",
            "v1.10.1",
            "v1.10.0",
            "v1.9.2",
            "v1.9.1",
            "v1.9.0",
            "v1.8.1",
            "v1.8.0",
            "v1.7.0"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-61609.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:38.009486118Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.13.0",
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/61xxx/CVE-2026-61609.json",
        "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-xvc3-826v-xf47",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61609",
        "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/98079a01660a61980fe62a72b2c1d48f99c35a5e"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-770"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/61xxx/CVE-2026-61609.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-61609",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 505427,
  "published_at": "2026-07-28T15:45:57.57+00:00"
}