Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks

{
  "id": "354a8060c67674938f8dbe7de04faa824a47c4fbd24e5f5ab24a6c2e6b00cf8c",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48372",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks",
    "summary": "Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-48372",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "medium",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-48372",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2025-48372",
        "GHSA-6c48-67xx-vqgc"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V4",
          "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/schule111/schule",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "cd53abbea93943f2c60a5281d45bebadc57636b7"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "cd53abbea93943f2c60a5281d45bebadc57636b7"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_COMMIT"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "schools",
            "school"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-48372.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:25.758347794Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/48xxx/CVE-2025-48372.json",
        "https://github.com/schule111/Schule/security/advisories/GHSA-6c48-67xx-vqgc",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48372",
        "https://github.com/schule111/Schule/commit/cd53abbea93943f2c60a5281d45bebadc57636b7"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-521"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "unresolved_ranges": [
          {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "range": [
                  {
                    "fixed": "1.0.1"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "range": [
                  {
                    "fixed": "1.0.1"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "DESCRIPTION"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/48xxx/CVE-2025-48372.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2025-48372",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 492405,
  "published_at": "2025-05-22T20:38:02.463+00:00"
}