Apache bRPC: Stack Exhaustion via Unbounded Recursion in JSON Parser

{
  "id": "c7661513bc0fae9d9e9f7745acee4d0ece3453fdad7e199c0eb67b1037bca3d9",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59789",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Apache bRPC: Stack Exhaustion via Unbounded Recursion in JSON Parser",
    "summary": "Uncontrolled recursion in the json2pb component in Apache bRPC (version < 1.15.0) on all platforms allows remote attackers to make the server crash via sending deep recursive json data. Root Cause: The bRPC json2pb component uses rapidjson to parse json data from the network. The rapidjson parser uses a recursive parsing method by default. If the input json has a large depth of recursive structure, the parser function may run into stack overflow. Affected Scenarios: Use bRPC server with protobuf message to serve http+json requests from untrusted network. Or directly use JsonToProtoMessage to convert json from untrusted input. How to Fix: (Choose one of the following options) 1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0, which fixes this issue. 2. Apply this patch: https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3099 Note: No matter which option you choose, you should know that the fix introduces a recursion depth limit with default value 100. It affects these functions: ProtoMessageToJson, ProtoMessageToProtoJson, JsonToProtoMessage, and ProtoJsonToProtoMessage. If your requests contain json or protobuf messages that have a depth exceeding the limit, the request will be failed after applying the fix. You can modify the gflag json2pb_max_recursion_depth to change the limit.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-59789",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-59789",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2025-59789"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/apache/brpc",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "50a9075de62f1d2b825b902acbfecfddb3d9f314"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:brpc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "1.15.0"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "1.13.0",
            "1.0.0",
            "1.0.0-rc02",
            "1.0.0-rc01",
            "0.9.8-rc01",
            "0.9.7-rc02",
            "0.9.7-rc03",
            "0.9.7",
            "0.9.7-rc01",
            "0.9.6-rc03",
            "0.9.6-rc02",
            "0.9.6-rc01",
            "0.9.6",
            "0.9.5",
            "v0.9.0"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-59789.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:50.000513593Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59789.json",
        "https://lists.apache.org/thread/ozmcsztcpxn61jxod8jo8q46jo0oc1zx",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59789"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-674"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "apache",
        "unresolved_ranges": [
          {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "range": [
                  {
                    "fixed": "1.15.0"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                "strategy": "StandardRange"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59789.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2025-59789",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 518561,
  "published_at": "2025-12-01T10:22:41.697+00:00"
}