Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and upgrade side effects

{
  "id": "ba07d310c5fdea9fb5638944fb94c8710916fc5affbecdaf3af40254bfd527fb",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-46403",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and upgrade side effects",
    "summary": "Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, KVM exposes `ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments` as a read-only execution mechanism. The hook saves the previous read-only state, sets `runtime.SetReadOnly(true)`, executes the destination context, and then restores the previous read-only state. However, the indirect contract delete and upgrade paths do not reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. As a result, a contract reached through read-only execution can call the production delete hook for a target contract it owns. The delete path appends the target address to `vmOutput.DeletedAccounts`, the output context merges `DeletedAccounts` into the caller output, and the smart contract processor later processes the VM output by deleting accounts listed in that field. The root cause is that read-only mode is applied as runtime state, but not enforced by the state-changing delete and upgrade host-core paths. This breaks the expected isolation boundary for workflows that rely on read-only calls to inspect another contract without allowing that callee to produce state-changing VM output. The issue is fixed in v1.7.17. Contract delete and upgrade host-core paths now reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. The invariant is regression-tested for delete, upgrade, storage writes, value transfers, and any VM output field that can later mutate chain state.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2026-46403",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "medium",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-46403",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-46403",
        "GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33",
        "GO-2026-5461"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "1.7.17"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_COMMIT"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_COMMIT"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "v1.7.16",
            "v1.7.15",
            "v1.7.14"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-46403.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:49.231234146Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/46xxx/CVE-2026-46403.json",
        "https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46403",
        "https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862",
        "https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-693"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/46xxx/CVE-2026-46403.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-46403",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 517641,
  "published_at": "2026-07-21T19:51:18.745+00:00"
}