Apache Struts: Disproportionate response size when rendering BigDecimal request parameters

{
  "id": "e806d78064aeff976035491905f68f2a2fd2f851968fdd7d8d00634e623880f4",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-104712",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Apache Struts: Disproportionate response size when rendering BigDecimal request parameters",
    "summary": "Asymmetric resource consumption (amplification) vulnerability in Apache Struts. When a request parameter is bound to an arbitrary-precision decimal (java.math.BigDecimal) property that is then rendered through the Struts tag library, the framework can produce a response many orders of magnitude larger than the request, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to exhaust server CPU and outbound network capacity with sustained low-volume traffic. Applications that do not bind request parameters to BigDecimal properties, or never render such a property through the Struts tag library, are not affected. This issue affects Apache Struts: from 2.5.14 through 2.5.33, from 6.0.0 through 6.11.0, from 7.0.0 through 7.3.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.12.0 or 7.4.0, which fixes the issue.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2026-104712",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-104712",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-104712"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/apache/struts",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "04db84135866b136aa4366234e81a0e4aa7bc7ca"
                },
                {
                  "last_affected": "ca8d57c538136983a0180ac508ebcfabaf73f839"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "68fb49c10e083dce829476778eec726fc90c8c38"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "07aea27ba59aa8c4d9fda05bfeec3bf80f2a0473"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "1d95543fbf2c873d5dab1773f951c38e3220b4e5"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "7ba6ef01a9215e8ce6ce5a9e82f5b418714f2920"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "2.5.14"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "2.5.33"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "6.0.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "6.12.0"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "7.0.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "7.4.0"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "STRUTS_6_8_0",
            "STRUTS_6_7_4",
            "STRUTS_6_7_3",
            "STRUTS_7_0_3",
            "STRUTS_6_7_2",
            "STRUTS_7_0_2",
            "STRUTS_6_7_1",
            "STRUTS_7_0_1",
            "STRUTS_6_7_0",
            "STRUTS_7_0_0",
            "STRUTS_6_6_1",
            "STRUTS_6_6_0",
            "STRUTS_6_5_0",
            "STRUTS_6_4_0",
            "STRUTS_2_5_33",
            "STRUTS_6_3_0_1",
            "STRUTS_6_2_0",
            "STRUTS_2_5_32",
            "STRUTS_6_3_0",
            "STRUTS_2_5_31",
            "STRUTS_6_1_1",
            "STRUTS_6_1_0",
            "STRUTS_6_0_3",
            "STRUTS_6_0_2",
            "STRUTS_6_0_1",
            "STRUTS_6_0_0",
            "STRUTS_2_5_30",
            "STRUTS_2_5_29",
            "STRUTS_2_5_28_3",
            "STRUTS_2_5_28_2",
            "STRUTS_2_5_28_1",
            "STRUTS_2_5_28",
            "STRUTS_2_5_27",
            "STRUTS_2_5_26",
            "STRUTS_2_5_25",
            "STRUTS_2_5_24",
            "STRUTS_2_5_23",
            "STRUTS_2_5_22",
            "STRUTS_2_5_21",
            "STRUTS_2_5_20",
            "STRUTS_2_5_19",
            "STRUTS_2_5_18",
            "STRUTS_2_5_17",
            "STRUTS_2_5_16",
            "STRUTS_2_5_15",
            "STRUTS_2_5_14_1",
            "STRUTS_2_5_14"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-104712.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:29.400246704Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2",
        "https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-076",
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/104xxx/CVE-2026-104712.json",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104712"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-405"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "apache",
        "unresolved_ranges": [
          {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "range": [
                  {
                    "introduced": "2.5.14"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "2.5.33"
                  },
                  {
                    "introduced": "6.0.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "6.11.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "introduced": "7.0.0"
                  },
                  {
                    "last_affected": "7.3.0"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                "strategy": "StandardRange"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/104xxx/CVE-2026-104712.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-104712",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 496370,
  "published_at": "2026-10-05T18:35:41.767+00:00"
}