jq: Signed-int overflow in `stack_reallocate` (jq VM stack)

{
  "id": "2384a3e20fbca4c938388539b03c9d2272fc0fe16e71b2e7b77f4869c59cdb7e",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41257",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "jq: Signed-int overflow in `stack_reallocate` (jq VM stack)",
    "summary": "jq is a command-line JSON processor. In 1.8.1 and earlier, the jq bytecode VM's data stack tracks its allocation size in a signed int. When the stack grows beyond ≈1 GiB (via deeply nested generator forks), the doubling arithmetic overflows. The wrapped value is passed to realloc and then used for a memmove with attacker-influenced offsets.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2026-41257",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "medium",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-41257",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-41257",
        "GHSA-4jm8-m363-4539"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V4",
          "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/jqlang/jq",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "last_affected": "4467af7068b1bcd7f882defff6e7ea674c5357f4"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "1.8.1"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:jqlang:jq:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "1.8.1"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "jq-1.8.1",
            "jq-1.8.0",
            "jq-1.7.1",
            "jq-1.7",
            "jq-1.7rc2",
            "jq-1.7rc1",
            "jq-1.6",
            "1.6rc2",
            "jq-1.6rc1",
            "jq-1.5rc2",
            "jq-1.5rc1",
            "jq-1.4",
            "jq-1.3",
            "jq-1.2",
            "jq-1.1",
            "jq-1.0"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-41257.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:49.299789631Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/41xxx/CVE-2026-41257.json",
        "https://github.com/jqlang/jq/security/advisories/GHSA-4jm8-m363-4539",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41257"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-190",
          "CWE-787"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/41xxx/CVE-2026-41257.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-41257",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 517479,
  "published_at": "2026-05-11T17:14:32.579+00:00"
}