High
Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass
Type: advisorySources: OSV
Apollo Gateway provides utilities for combining multiple GraphQL microservices into a single GraphQL endpoint. Prior to 2.10.1, a vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. The query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can render gateway inoperable. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service. This has been remediated in @apollo/gateway version 2.10.1.
- Products
- Not specified
- Affected versions
- Not specified
- Fixed versions
- Not specified
- CVEs
- CVE-2025-32031
- Confirmed fixed CVEs
- Not specified
- Updated in this feed
- 2 Nov 2026, 21:00 UTC · Revision 1
Source evidence
Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass
core-osv · Original sourcePublished 7 Apr 2025, 20:41 UTC
Apollo Gateway provides utilities for combining multiple GraphQL microservices into a single GraphQL endpoint. Prior to 2.10.1, a vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. The query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can render gateway inoperable. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service. This has been remediated in @apollo/gateway version 2.10.1.
osv:CVE-2025-32031
Complete source record
{
"id": "c47b8b81a2f9bf2a448b1fdc7d3c5439d26728120aab62c0c2d7542da278d304",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-32031",
"method": "structured",
"payload": {
"kind": "advisory",
"title": "Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass",
"summary": "Apollo Gateway provides utilities for combining multiple GraphQL microservices into a single GraphQL endpoint. Prior to 2.10.1, a vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. The query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can render gateway inoperable. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service. This has been remediated in @apollo/gateway version 2.10.1.",
"evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-32031",
"products": [],
"severity": "high",
"structured": {
"id": "CVE-2025-32031",
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32031",
"GHSA-p2q6-pwh5-m6jr"
],
"metrics": [
{
"type": "CVSS_V3",
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
}
],
"affected": [
{
"ranges": [
{
"repo": "https://github.com/apollographql/federation",
"type": "GIT",
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7ae758947bd51f0a7fced6bb4999556d20a68428"
}
],
"database_specific": {
"extracted_events": [
{
"range": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.10.1"
}
],
"source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
"strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
},
{
"cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apollographql:apollo_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
"range": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.10.1"
}
],
"source": "CPE_RANGE"
}
]
}
}
],
"versions": [
"@apollo/subgraph@2.9.3",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.9.3",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.9.3",
"@apollo/gateway@2.9.3",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.9.3",
"@apollo/composition@2.9.3",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.10.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.10.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.10.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.10.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.10.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.10.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.9.2",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.9.2",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.9.2",
"@apollo/gateway@2.9.2",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.9.2",
"@apollo/composition@2.9.2",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.9.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.9.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.9.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.9.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.9.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.9.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.9.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.9.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.9.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.9.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.9.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.9.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.5",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.5",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.5",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.5",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.5",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.5",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.4",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.4",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.4",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.4",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.4",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.4",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.3",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.3",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.3",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.3",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.3",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.3",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.2",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.2",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.2",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.2",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.2",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.2",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.8.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.8.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.8.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.8.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.8.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.8.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.7",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.7",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.7",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.7",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.7",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.7",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.6",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.6",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.6",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.6",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.6",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.6",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.5",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.5",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.5",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.5",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.5",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.5",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.4",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.4",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.4",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.4",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.4",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.4",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.3",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.3",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.3",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.3",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.3",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.3",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.2",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.2",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.2",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.2",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.2",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.2",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.7.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.7.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.7.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.7.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.7.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.7.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.6.2",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.6.2",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.6.2",
"@apollo/gateway@2.6.2",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.6.2",
"@apollo/composition@2.6.2",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.6.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.6.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.6.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.6.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.6.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.6.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.7",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.7",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.7",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.7",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.7",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.7",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.6",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.6",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.6",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.6",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.6",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.6",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.5",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.5",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.5",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.5",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.5",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.5",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.4",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.4",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.4",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.4",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.4",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.4",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.3",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.3",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.3",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.3",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.3",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.3",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.2",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.2",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.2",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.2",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.2",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.2",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.5.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.5.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.5.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.5.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.5.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.5.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.4.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.4.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.4.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.4.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.4.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.4.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.4.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.4.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.4.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.4.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.4.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.4.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.4.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.4.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.4.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.4.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.4.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.4.0-alpha.0",
"2.2.0-rc.0",
"publish/20220309171736",
"publish/20220309170101",
"publish/20220214110600",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/router-bridge@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/harmonizer@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/gateway@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"@apollo/composition@2.0.0-alpha.6",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/router-bridge@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/harmonizer@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/gateway@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/federation@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"@apollo/composition@2.0.0-alpha.1",
"publish/20211103085729",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/subgraph@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/router-bridge@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/query-graphs@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/harmonizer@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/gateway@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/federation@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/federation-internals@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"@apollo/composition@2.0.0-alpha.0",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.33.2",
"@apollo/subgraph@0.1.3",
"@apollo/router-bridge@0.1.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.5.2",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.33.4",
"@apollo/gateway@0.42.4",
"@apollo/federation@0.33.4",
"publish/20210826121431",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.30.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.4.0",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.30.0",
"@apollo/gateway@0.39.0",
"@apollo/federation@0.30.0",
"publish/20210803175107",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.28.0",
"@apollo/gateway@0.36.0",
"@apollo/federation@0.28.0",
"publish/20210727175430",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.3.1",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.28.1",
"@apollo/gateway@0.35.1",
"@apollo/federation@0.27.1",
"publish/20210702222118",
"@apollo/gateway@0.32.0",
"publish/20210702103216",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.2.2",
"@apollo/gateway@0.31.1",
"publish/20210622204946",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.3.3",
"@apollo/gateway@0.30.0",
"@apollo/federation@0.25.2",
"publish/20210616215933",
"@apollo/gateway@0.29.1",
"publish/20210616192610",
"@apollo/gateway@0.29.0",
"publish/20210610145647",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.2.1",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.3.2",
"@apollo/gateway@0.28.3",
"publish/20210525001653",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.25.1",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.2.5",
"@apollo/gateway@0.28.2",
"@apollo/federation@0.25.1",
"publish/20210510202305",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.25.0",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.2.4",
"@apollo/gateway@0.28.1",
"@apollo/federation@0.25.0",
"publish/20210503102213",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.24.0",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.2.0",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.2.0",
"@apollo/gateway@0.28.0",
"@apollo/federation@0.24.0",
"publish/20210429171631",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.1.4",
"@apollo/gateway@0.27.1",
"publish/20210429133001",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.23.3",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.1.3",
"@apollo/gateway@0.27.0",
"publish/20210426214525",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.23.2",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.1.5",
"@apollo/gateway@0.26.3",
"@apollo/federation@0.23.2",
"publish/20210422213358",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.23.1",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.1.2",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.1.4",
"@apollo/gateway@0.26.2",
"@apollo/federation@0.23.1",
"publish/20210405205933",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.1.1",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.2.6",
"@apollo/gateway@0.26.1",
"publish/20210331111626",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.0.14",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.2.4",
"@apollo/harmonizer@0.1.2",
"@apollo/gateway@0.25.1",
"publish/20210310114707",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.0.13",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.2.3",
"@apollo/gateway@0.24.4",
"publish/20210310092738",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.0.12",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.2.2",
"@apollo/gateway@0.24.3",
"publish/20210310092238",
"@apollo/query-planner@0.0.11",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.2.1",
"@apollo/gateway@0.24.2",
"publish/20210310082711",
"@apollo/gateway@0.24.1",
"publish/20210310080736",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.22.0",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.2.0",
"@apollo/gateway@0.24.0",
"@apollo/federation@0.22.0",
"publish/20210226202753",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.1.2",
"@apollo/gateway@0.23.2",
"@apollo/federation@0.21.2",
"publish/20210226192245",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.1.1",
"@apollo/gateway@0.23.1",
"@apollo/federation@0.21.1",
"publish/20210114172739",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.21.0",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.10",
"@apollo/gateway@0.22.0",
"@apollo/federation@0.21.0",
"publish/20201204223135",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.9",
"@apollo/gateway@0.21.4",
"@apollo/federation@0.20.7",
"publish/20201120184033",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.20.5",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.8",
"@apollo/gateway@0.21.3",
"@apollo/federation@0.20.6",
"publish/20201119213556",
"@apollo/gateway@0.21.2",
"@apollo/federation@0.20.5",
"publish/20201109161401",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.7",
"@apollo/gateway@0.21.1",
"v0.1.10",
"v0.1.9",
"v0.1.8",
"publish/20200930151034",
"@apollo/gateway@0.21.0",
"stargate@0.0.1-alpha.0",
"publish/20200925115054",
"publish/20200925115045",
"publish/20200925115037",
"publish/20200925115025",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.20.4",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.6",
"@apollo/gateway@0.20.4",
"@apollo/federation@0.20.4",
"publish/20200924175307",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.20.3",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.5",
"@apollo/gateway@0.20.3",
"@apollo/federation@0.20.3",
"publish/20200921213411",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.20.2",
"@apollo/gateway@0.20.2",
"@apollo/federation@0.20.2",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.4",
"publish/20200918220443",
"apollo-federation-integration-testsuite@0.20.1",
"@apollo/gateway@0.20.1",
"@apollo/federation@0.20.1",
"@apollo/query-planner-wasm@0.0.3",
"pre-cli-removal",
"v0.0.3"
],
"database_specific": {
"source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-32031.json"
}
}
],
"modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:23.511740639Z",
"provider": "osv",
"references": [
"https://github.com/apollographql/federation/releases/tag/%40apollo%2Fgateway%402.10.1",
"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/32xxx/CVE-2025-32031.json",
"https://github.com/apollographql/federation/security/advisories/GHSA-p2q6-pwh5-m6jr",
"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32031",
"https://github.com/apollographql/federation/pull/3236"
],
"provider_metadata": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
"osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/32xxx/CVE-2025-32031.json"
}
},
"related_cves": [
{
"value": "CVE-2025-32031",
"evidence": "/id"
}
],
"security_relevant": true,
"severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
},
"source_id": "core-osv",
"document_id": 490036,
"published_at": "2025-04-07T20:41:35.767+00:00"
}