Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)

{
  "id": "de59ae8cd5245fbb0e7ff714aa2ace454c0feb308faae1775e26ac866c09622b",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-91006",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)",
    "summary": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through /bin/sh (Unix) or cscript (Windows). The caller-supplied javaOpts value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user. Reachable via the shell commands instance:create, instance:start, instance:restart, instance:change-opts, and the equivalent InstanceMBean JMX operations (createInstance, startInstance, changeJavaOpts, cloneInstance). Mitigation * Set karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin in etc/system.properties to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes. * Restrict which principals can reach instance:* commands and InstancesMBean via etc/users.properties role assignments. * Treat javaOpts passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2026-91006",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-91006",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-91006"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/apache/karaf",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "189048fff3422afaadcbbb57d95b257cb35248ad"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:karaf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "4.4.12"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "karaf-4.4.8",
            "karaf-4.4.7",
            "karaf-4.4.6",
            "karaf-4.4.5",
            "karaf-4.4.4",
            "karaf-4.4.3",
            "karaf-4.4.2",
            "karaf-4.4.1",
            "karaf-4.4.0",
            "karaf-4.3.3",
            "karaf-4.3.2",
            "karaf-4.3.1",
            "karaf-4.3.0",
            "karaf-4.3.0.RC1",
            "karaf-4.2.3",
            "karaf-4.2.2",
            "karaf-4.2.1",
            "karaf-4.2.0",
            "karaf-4.2.0.M2",
            "karaf-4.2.0.M1",
            "karaf-4.1.1",
            "karaf-4.1.0",
            "karaf-4.0.4",
            "karaf-4.0.3",
            "karaf-4.0.2",
            "karaf-4.0.1",
            "karaf-4.0.0.M2",
            "karaf-4.0.0.M1",
            "karaf-3.0.0"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-91006.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:45.235089916Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/91xxx/CVE-2026-91006.json",
        "https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91006"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-78"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "apache",
        "unresolved_ranges": [
          {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "range": [
                  {
                    "fixed": "4.4.12"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                "strategy": "StandardRange"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/91xxx/CVE-2026-91006.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-91006",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 513384,
  "published_at": "2026-09-28T10:44:32.652+00:00"
}