Rhino vulnerable high CPU usage and potential DoS when passing specific numbers to toFixed() function

{
  "id": "1cb47adf106d5b20e798f5a952516582e3e621b0a885da5fe7a17d92963bef99",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-66453",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Rhino vulnerable high CPU usage and potential DoS when passing specific numbers to toFixed() function",
    "summary": "Rhino is an open-source implementation of JavaScript written entirely in Java. Prior to 1.8.1, 1.7.15.1, and 1.7.14.1, when an application passed an attacker controlled float poing number into the toFixed() function, it might lead to high CPU consumption and a potential Denial of Service. Small numbers go through this call stack: NativeNumber.numTo > DToA.JS_dtostr > DToA.JS_dtoa > DToA.pow5mult where pow5mult attempts to raise 5 to a ridiculous power. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.1, 1.7.15.1, and 1.7.14.1.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-66453",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "medium",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-66453",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2025-66453",
        "GHSA-3w8q-xq97-5j7x"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V4",
          "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/mozilla/rhino",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "596b2915d3f1dd00a6843435e5752050618daa25"
                },
                {
                  "introduced": "22557a6c3ea3ad9addda5b0de01d2d720bd291d3"
                },
                {
                  "last_affected": "0dcc00f6b3e2623f732828186ef8464d69ba51d1"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:rhino:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "1.7.14.1"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:rhino:1.7.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "1.7.15"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "1.7.15"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_STRING"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:rhino:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "1.8.0"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "1.8.0"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_STRING"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "1.7.15",
            "1.8.0",
            "Rhino1_7_15_Release",
            "Rhino1_8_0_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_14_RC1_Release",
            "code-formatting-required",
            "Rhino1_7_13_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_12_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_11_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_11_RC2_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_11_RC1_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_10_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_9_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_8_Release",
            "Rhino1_7_8_RC1_RELEASE",
            "Rhino1_7_7_RELEASE",
            "Rhino1_7_6_RELEASE",
            "Rhino1_7R5_RELEASE",
            "Rhino1_7R4_RELEASE",
            "Rhino1_7R3_RELEASE",
            "BEFORE_AST",
            "Rhino1_6R3_RELEASE",
            "JS_1_7_ALPHA_MERGE",
            "SUNBIRD_0_3a2_RELEASE",
            "Rhino1_6R2_RELEASE",
            "PREFERENCES_20050201_BASE",
            "before_simpler_undefined_280047",
            "Rhino1_6R1_RELEASE",
            "BEFORE_E4X",
            "Rhino150R5_RELEASE",
            "before_225831_merge",
            "before_less_classes_optimizer",
            "Rhino150R4_RELEASE",
            "Rhino150R3_RELEASE",
            "EDITOR_EMBEDDING_20011025_BASE",
            "before_new_natives",
            "before_jsdebugger",
            "Rhino150R1_RELEASE",
            "Rhino14R3_RELEASE",
            "Rhino140R3_RELEASE"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-66453.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:26.267804279Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/66xxx/CVE-2025-66453.json",
        "https://github.com/mozilla/rhino/security/advisories/GHSA-3w8q-xq97-5j7x",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66453"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-400"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/66xxx/CVE-2025-66453.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2025-66453",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 493018,
  "published_at": "2025-12-03T19:31:54.629+00:00"
}