Command execution in python-utcp allows attackers to achieve remote code execution when fetching a remote Manual from a malicious endpoint

{
  "id": "85d361fab546996a36587df19d721645385661c7a9903ec2563f3ceec117e963",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-14542",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "Command execution in python-utcp allows attackers to achieve remote code execution when fetching a remote Manual from a malicious endpoint",
    "summary": "The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2025-14542",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2025-14542",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2025-14542",
        "GHSA-75mj-4g74-9rg2",
        "PYSEC-2026-2000"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/universal-tool-calling-protocol/python-utcp",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "2dc9c02df72cad3770c934959325ec344b441444"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "2dc9c02df72cad3770c934959325ec344b441444"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_COMMIT"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-14542.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:50.078174422Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/14xxx/CVE-2025-14542.json",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14542",
        "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/python-utcp-untrusted-manual-command-execution-jfsa-2025-001648329/",
        "https://github.com/universal-tool-calling-protocol/python-utcp/commit/2dc9c02df72cad3770c934959325ec344b441444",
        "https://pypi.org/project/pip"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-501"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "JFROG",
        "unresolved_ranges": [
          {
            "extracted_events": [
              {
                "range": [
                  {
                    "fixed": "1.1.0"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                "strategy": "StandardRange"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/14xxx/CVE-2025-14542.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2025-14542",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 518360,
  "published_at": "2025-12-13T09:59:41.376+00:00"
}