vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape

{
  "id": "43ce8fd3ad4a16ffa0a756f9842d7070a2e191f6b612e46b3e7677fa78d10363",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-43999",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape",
    "summary": "vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, NodeVM's builtin allowlist can be bypassed when the module builtin is allowed (including via the '*' wildcard). The module builtin exposes Node's Module._load(), which loads any module by name directly in the host context, completely bypassing vm2's builtin restriction. This allows sandboxed code to load excluded builtins like child_process and achieve remote code execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2026-43999",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "critical",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2026-43999",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2026-43999",
        "GHSA-947f-4v7f-x2v8"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "0"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "fca270df73b64a88e2f9ce71ac17663b6eaf814e"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "3.11.0"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "3.11.0"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "v3.10.5",
            "v3.10.4",
            "v3.10.3",
            "v3.10.2",
            "v3.10.1",
            "v3.10.0",
            "3.9.19",
            "3.9.18",
            "3.9.17",
            "3.9.16",
            "3.9.15",
            "3.9.14",
            "3.9.13",
            "3.9.12",
            "3.9.11",
            "3.9.10",
            "3.9.9",
            "3.9.8",
            "3.9.7",
            "3.9.6",
            "3.9.5",
            "3.9.4",
            "3.9.3",
            "v3.9.2",
            "v3.9.1",
            "v3.9.0"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-43999.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:28.142048873Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-43999.json",
        "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850",
        "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-43999",
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/43xxx/CVE-2026-43999.json",
        "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-947f-4v7f-x2v8",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43999",
        "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477196"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-863"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/43xxx/CVE-2026-43999.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2026-43999",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 494777,
  "published_at": "2026-05-13T17:21:22.308+00:00"
}