notation-go has excessive memory allocation on verification

{
  "id": "7783fa07bf83634859c42742d6ad813acae456ae33eb09f10bb2b24f70fb74f8",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-25656",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "notation-go has excessive memory allocation on verification",
    "summary": "notation-go is a collection of libraries for supporting Notation sign, verify, push, and pull of oci artifacts. Prior to version 1.0.0-rc.3, notation-go users will find their application using excessive memory when verifying signatures. The application will be killed, and thus availability is impacted. The problem has been patched in the release v1.0.0-rc.3. Some workarounds are available. Users can review their own trust policy file and check if the identity string contains `=#`. Meanwhile, users should only put trusted certificates in their trust stores referenced by their own trust policy files, and make sure the `authenticity` validation is set to `enforce`.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2023-25656",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "high",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2023-25656",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2023-25656",
        "GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v",
        "GO-2023-1589"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "de8b7ddaa5b22c6b4c40924ade50d89bfb813a25"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "de8b7ddaa5b22c6b4c40924ade50d89bfb813a25"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "1.0.0-rc.3"
                      },
                      {
                        "last_affected": "1.0.0-rc.3"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StandaloneSingleVersion"
                  },
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "fixed": "de8b7ddaa5b22c6b4c40924ade50d89bfb813a25"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "REFERENCES_TAG",
                    "original_tag": "v1.0.0-rc.3"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "1.0.0-rc.3"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2023-25656.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:50.173755914Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.3",
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/25xxx/CVE-2023-25656.json",
        "https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/security/advisories/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25656"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-770"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/25xxx/CVE-2023-25656.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2023-25656",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 518329,
  "published_at": "2023-02-20T00:00:00+00:00"
}