_abi_decode input not validated in complex expressions in Vyper

{
  "id": "1e38a68a7ec6cb6542cf3db90d8dfa59be2eae3afbac4cbc7a702d0d47c45c7b",
  "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-42460",
  "method": "structured",
  "payload": {
    "kind": "advisory",
    "title": "_abi_decode input not validated in complex expressions in Vyper",
    "summary": "Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM. The `_abi_decode()` function does not validate input when it is nested in an expression. Uses of `_abi_decode()` can be constructed which allow for bounds checking to be bypassed resulting in incorrect results. This issue has not yet been fixed, but a fix is expected in release `0.3.10`. Users are advised to reference pull request #3626.",
    "evidence": "osv:CVE-2023-42460",
    "products": [],
    "severity": "medium",
    "structured": {
      "id": "CVE-2023-42460",
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2023-42460",
        "GHSA-cx2q-hfxr-rj97",
        "PYSEC-2023-191"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "type": "CVSS_V3",
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "ranges": [
            {
              "repo": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper",
              "type": "GIT",
              "events": [
                {
                  "introduced": "f31f0ec406bbbd2055f125abd17278e3ac2ed84f"
                },
                {
                  "fixed": "9136169468f317a53b4e7448389aa315f90b95ba"
                }
              ],
              "database_specific": {
                "extracted_events": [
                  {
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0.3.4"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "0.3.10"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD",
                    "strategy": "StringRangeExpression"
                  },
                  {
                    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:vyperlang:vyper:*:*:*:*:*:python:*:*",
                    "range": [
                      {
                        "introduced": "0.3.4"
                      },
                      {
                        "fixed": "0.3.10"
                      }
                    ],
                    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "versions": [
            "v0.3.10rc5",
            "v0.3.10rc4",
            "v0.3.10rc3",
            "v0.3.10rc2",
            "v0.3.10rc1",
            "v0.3.9",
            "v0.3.8",
            "v0.3.7",
            "v0.3.6",
            "v0.3.5",
            "v0.3.4"
          ],
          "database_specific": {
            "source": "https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2023-42460.json"
          }
        }
      ],
      "modified": "2026-10-28T02:30:51.494296180Z",
      "provider": "osv",
      "references": [
        "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/42xxx/CVE-2023-42460.json",
        "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-cx2q-hfxr-rj97",
        "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42460",
        "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/3626"
      ],
      "provider_metadata": {
        "cwe_ids": [
          "CWE-682"
        ],
        "cna_assigner": "GitHub_M",
        "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/42xxx/CVE-2023-42460.json"
      }
    },
    "related_cves": [
      {
        "value": "CVE-2023-42460",
        "evidence": "/id"
      }
    ],
    "security_relevant": true,
    "severity_evidence": "/severity/0/score"
  },
  "source_id": "core-osv",
  "document_id": 520228,
  "published_at": "2023-09-26T18:47:09.721+00:00"
}